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Linux species

# linux # distro

Linux distros is divided into major "species" or "families" according to the package manager and the inherited infrastructure, each of which has a different hallmark and identity:

Debian species

This is one of the most popular varieties. Distros in this family will primarily use the .deb package and the APT package management system (Advanced Package Tool). It stands out for stability and has a large software library.

* Debian: It is the foundation of this species. It is a stable and versatile operating system. Most other distros are developed from Debian.

* Ubuntu: is a very popular distro. Developed from Debian. Famous for its ease of use. Perfect for beginners.

* Linux Mint: Developed from Ubuntu, it is featured as a traditional Desktop Environment similar to Windows, making it easy for users who migrate from Windows to adapt.

* Pop! _ OS: Developed from Ubuntu by System76, focused on use for developers and creative lines

Red Hat species

Distros in this line primarily use .rpm packages and YUM or DNF package management systems; they are often implemented in business enterprises.

* Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL): It is a commercial version of this family. It is highly stable and has long-term support.

* Fedora: It is a community development project supported by Red Hat. It is a distro that brings new technologies to trial before putting them into RHEL.

* CentOS Stream: It is a free version for the community of RHEL. It is often used for servers.

* Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux: It is a free distro developed by the community. It is optional for CentOS after CentOS changes its development policy.

Arch species

Distros in this species are known for their "rolling release" model, which means continuous system updates. Use the Pacman package management system, suitable for experienced users and want to customize the system as needed.

* Arch Linux: It is the origin of this species. Users must install and build their own system from scratch.

* Manjaro: It is a distro developed from Arch, but easier to use, has convenient installation, and retains the advantages of being rolling release.

* EndeavourOS: Another distro developed from Arch provides a similar experience to Arch, but with an easy-to-use installer and a Desktop Environment option.

Slackware species

It is one of the oldest Linux families. It has a "keep it simple, stupid" philosophy and uses the .tgz package. While not as popular as other families, it has a loyal dedicated user group.

* Slackware: It is the original distro of this family, emphasizes simplicity and stability, suitable for those who want to deeply understand the operation of the system.

* openSUSE: Despite its roots in Slackware, openSUSE is an isolated and independently developed distro. It is famous for its powerful system management tools.

2025/9/16 Edited to

... Read moreนอกจากสายพันธุ์หลักที่ได้กล่าวถึงแล้ว ในโลกของ Linux ยังมี distros ย่อยและสายพันธุ์อื่นๆ ที่เพิ่มทางเลือกสำหรับผู้ใช้ตามความต้องการเฉพาะ เช่น MX Linux, Kali Linux, Zorin OS, Elementary OS และ Deepin ซึ่งบางตัวก็อิงอยู่บนฐาน Debian และ Ubuntu ทำให้สามารถใช้ระบบแพ็คเกจ .deb และ APT ได้อย่างเต็มประสิทธิภาพ ตัวอย่างเช่น MX Linux ถือเป็น distro ที่ได้รับความนิยมในกลุ่มผู้ใช้ที่ชื่นชอบความเรียบง่ายและประสิทธิภาพสูง เหมาะสำหรับผู้ที่ต้องการใช้งาน desktop ที่เสถียรบนฮาร์ดแวร์เก่า หรือเครื่องที่มีสเปคไม่สูงมาก Kali Linux คือ distro ที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อทดสอบความปลอดภัยและทำ penetration testing บนระบบเครือข่าย เหมาะสำหรับนักพัฒนาหรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านความปลอดภัย สายพันธุ์ Linux แต่ละตระกูลใช้งาน package manager ที่แตกต่างกัน เช่น .deb ใน Debian/Ubuntu, .rpm ใน Red Hat/Fedora รวมถึง .tgz ใน Slackware และ Pacman ของ Arch ที่ช่วยให้การติดตั้งและอัปเดตซอฟต์แวร์เป็นไปอย่างราบรื่นและรวดเร็ว สำหรับผู้ที่สนใจเรียนรู้ Linux อย่างจริงจัง ควรทดลองติดตั้งและใช้งาน distros ต่างๆ เพื่อให้เข้าใจความแตกต่างและข้อดีข้อด้อยของแต่ละระบบ นอกจากนี้ยังมี Chromium OS ซึ่งพัฒนาจากโครงการโอเพ่นซอร์สของ Google สำหรับผู้ที่ต้องการระบบปฏิบัติการที่เหมาะสำหรับงานเบื้องต้นและเชื่อมต่อออนไลน์ง่าย เช่น การใช้งานบน Chromebook และ Pi OS ที่เน้นใช้งานบนแพลตฟอร์ม Raspberry Pi ซึ่งเหมาะกับนักพัฒนาและผู้ที่สนใจทำโครงการ IoT สิ่งสำคัญสำหรับผู้เริ่มต้นเลือกใช้ Linux คือการพิจารณาจากลักษณะการใช้งาน เช่น หากเน้นความง่ายและชุมชนสนับสนุนสูง Ubuntu และ Linux Mint เป็นตัวเลือกที่ดี แต่ถ้าต้องการระบบที่มีความยืดหยุ่นสูงและสามารถปรับแต่งได้ Arch Linux และ Manjaro จะตอบโจทย์มากกว่า การรู้จักสายพันธุ์ Linux และทำความเข้าใจระบบจัดการแพ็คเกจและความแตกต่างของแต่ละตระกูล จะช่วยให้ผู้ใช้สามารถเลือกใช้งาน Linux ได้อย่างเหมาะสมและเต็มประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น พร้อมทั้งเปิดโอกาสในการเรียนรู้และพัฒนาทักษะด้านโอเพ่นซอร์สอีกด้วย

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An infographic titled 'Essential Linux Apps' categorizes software for Linux users. It lists applications for Web Browsers (Firefox, Brave), Media Players (VLC), Terminals (Alacritty), Firewalls (UFW), Email & Calendar (Thunderbird), Office Suites (LibreOffice), and many other functions, created by Dan Nanni.
Essential Linux apps
A fresh Linux install isn’t complete without the right apps. Here are some essential picks across different categories to get you started 😎👆 Any other recommendations? Find high-res pdf ebooks with all my Linux related infographics at https://study-notes.org #linux #opensource #free
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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A black background image titled "Linux scp Command Examples" lists various scp commands with their functions, including copying files/directories, using custom SSH ports, compression, private keys, rate-limiting, and jump servers. It also features a small circular image with "Created by Dan Nanni study-notes.org".
Scp command examples
The scp command lets you securely copy files between hosts over an SSH connection. Some of you might think scp is deprecated but in fact what’s deprecated is the scp protocol, not the command itself. The command now uses a more secure sftp protocol by default Here are some of useful scp com
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic comparing Podman and Docker across various features like daemon requirement, rootless containers, CLI compatibility, image management, security model, and networking. It highlights Podman's daemonless architecture and native Pod support versus Docker's daemon and native Swarm.
Podman vs. Docker comparison
Podman and Docker are two major container engines that manage and run containers. Docker relies on a central daemon that controls container lifecycle, whereas Podman operates without a daemon and follows a more traditional Linux process model 😎👆 Find high-res pdf ebooks with all my DevOps relate
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic details Linux environment variables, defining them as key-value pairs influencing process behaviors. It lists 19 common variables such as DISPLAY, HOME, PATH, and SHELL, along with their functions, created by Dan Nanni.
Linux environment variables
Environment variables are dynamic values that shape how processes and applications run on Linux, supplying key details like system paths, user data, and locale configurations Here are a list of popular environment variables used on Linux 😎👆 #software #softwareengineering Find high-res p
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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This image is a comparison chart titled "Modern Terminals," created by Dan Nanni. It evaluates nine terminal applications: Alacritty, Foot, Ghostty, Hyper, iTerm2, Kitty, Tabby, WezTerm, and Warp. Each terminal is presented with its logo, a list of its key features (pros), and its limitations or drawbacks (cons), covering aspects like performance, platform support, configuration, and specific functionalities.
Modern terminal showdown
Modern terminals extend the classic command line with GPU rendering, modern interfaces, extensibility, and faster performance for everyday shell work. Here is a quick comparison of several popular modern terminal apps 😎👆 Find high-res pdf ebooks with all my Linux related infographics at https
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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Different types of firewalls across OSI layers
Firewalls function at various layers of the OSI model. Basic stateless firewalls work at layers 3 and 4, filtering traffic by IP address and port. In contrast, application-layer firewalls operate at layer 7, analyzing the actual content of the traffic to make filtering decisions Here is an overv
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic titled 'Basic Linux Commands' by Dan Nanni, listing essential commands like 'ls' to list files and 'man' to show manual pages, with their descriptions.
Basic Linux commands
Starting your Linux journey? Save this quick reference for the commands you will use most 😎👆 Find high-res pdf ebooks with all my Linux related infographics at https://study-notes.org #linux #devops #software #techtips #opensource
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic titled 'Linux FUSE-based Filesystems' categorizes various filesystems. Categories include Remote and Cloud, Archive and Image, Encrypted and Secure, Legacy and Compatibility, and Special-Purpose and Experimental filesystems, with examples for each. The infographic was created by Dan Nanni from study-notes.org.
Useful Linux FUSE filesystems
A FUSE filesystem is a user-space filesystem built on top of the Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) kernel module, allowing developers to implement custom storage logic without writing kernel code Here are a categorized list of Linux FUSE filesystems 😎👆 #softwareengineer #computerscience #TechT
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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Linux-based cybersecurity tools
Linux provides a vast ecosystem of open-source cybersecurity tools, offering solutions for penetration testing, threat detection, and secure system management Here is a categorized list of cybersecurity tools available on Linux 😎👇 #cybersecurity #infosec #linux
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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The image illustrates how Linux cgroups manage resources like CPU, Memory, Storage I/O, and Network. It shows creating cgroups, attaching a process (PID 12345) to `cgroup3` via `/sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup3/cgroup.procs`, and defining its resource limits (e.g., 512M memory.max, 10M/5M disk I/O).
How Linux cgroups work
On Linux, cgroups control and isolate CPU, memory, and I/O per process or container—this is what makes predictable container performance possible 😎👆 Find high-res pdf ebooks with all my Linux and DevOps related infographics from https://study-notes.org #linux #docker #kubernetes #de
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic titled 'Popular Linux Server Software' by Dan Nanni, categorizing various open-source tools. It lists software for Web, Database, File, Mail, Monitoring, Git, Security, Backup, Automation, Hypervisor, VPN, and Load Balancing, each with logos and names.
Popular Linux server software
As the dominant cloud OS, Linux powers a variety of server applications. Here are some of the most popular open-source Linux server software and management tools 😎👇 #linux #opensource
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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A flowchart titled 'Linux Shell Lifecycle' illustrates how a shell executes commands. It shows the process of a command being typed, determining if it's a built-in or external command, and then either executing it directly or forking a child process (PID2) to execute the command, waiting for its completion, and collecting the exit status.
Linux shell lifecycle
When you enter a command in a Linux shell, the shell parses it, locates the executable, creates a child process, and runs the command. Once done, it captures and returns the exit status. Curious how it all works internally? Here is a deeper look at the shell’s execution flow 😎👇 #sysadmin
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic titled 'Embedded Linux Systems' displays a grid of 20 different embedded Linux distributions. Each box features a distinct logo and the name of a system, such as Raspberry Pi OS, Tiny Core Linux, Arch Linux ARM, OpenWrt, Fedora IoT, Ubuntu Core, Automotive Grade Linux, Embedded Gentoo, Alpine Linux, Android OS, and others. The image also credits Dan Nanni and study-notes.org.
Embedded Linux systems
An embedded Linux distro is a stripped-down, purpose-built version of Linux optimized for devices with limited resources. It is designed to offer just the essential components needed for the target hardware and application Here are popular embedded Linux systems 😎👆 #Iot #technology Find h
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic titled 'Dotfile Managers for Linux' created by Dan Nanni at study-notes.org. It displays icons and names for eleven popular dotfile managers: Chezmoi, Dotbot, Dotdrop, Dotfiles, Dotter, Home Manager, Homesick, Mackup, GNU Stow, vcsh, and Yadm.
Dotfile managers for Linux
Dotfiles are hidden configuration files in Unix-like systems, usually stored in your home directory, that control how the shell, editors, window managers, and many command-line tools behave. Here are popular dotfile managers for Linux, tools that help you track, sync, and version your configura
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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Useful sysdig command examples
Sysdig is one of those hidden gem tools that shows exactly what your Linux system is doing in real time — system calls, containers, network traffic, file access — everything, no guessing. Here are useful sysdig command examples 😎👆 Find high-res pdf ebooks with all my cybersecurity related inf
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic titled 'Defensive Linux Security Tools' categorizes various cybersecurity tools. It lists tools for Firewalls, Sandboxing, Log Monitoring, VPN, Security Auditing, Intrusion Detection, Data at Rest Encryption, Patch Management, Rootkit Detection, File Integrity Monitoring, Secure Shell, Password Security, Kernel Access Control, Antivirus, WAFs, and Container Security.
Defensive Linux security tools
Securing a Linux system requires a multi-pronged approach that mitigates diverse attack vectors through coordinated threat detection, vulnerability assessment, real-time monitoring, and mandatory access control. Here are different types of defensive security tools available for Linux systems 😎👆
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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An infographic table titled 'Linux Init Systems' lists various init systems like Systemd, SysVinit, OpenRC, Runit, s6, BusyBox init, procd, Shepherd, and Upstart. For each system, it provides a description and a list of associated Linux distributions. The infographic is credited to Dan Nanni from study-notes.org.
Linux init systems
On Linux, the init system is responsible for bootstrapping the system, launching services and managing processes. True to Linux’s flexibility, multiple init systems are available to choose from, each offering different features and approaches Here are a list of init systems and information on wh
Learn Linux with Dan

Learn Linux with Dan

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