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Triangle external angle # Basic # Exam

The magnitude of the external angle is equal to the sum of the non-adjacent internal angles.

3/11 Edited to

... Read moreเวลาทำข้อสอบแนว “หามุมสามเหลี่ยมมุมฉาก” เรามักติดตรงมุมที่ไม่รู้ค่า (X) โดยเฉพาะโจทย์ที่ให้ “มุมภายนอก” มาหนึ่งมุม แล้วให้มุมด้านในมาอีกมุมหนึ่ง วิธีที่ช่วยให้ทำไวคือจำกฎเดียวให้ขึ้นใจ: มุมภายนอกของสามเหลี่ยม = ผลรวมของมุมภายใน 2 มุมที่ไม่ใช่มุมประชิดกับมุมภายนอกนั้น แปลเป็นภาษาง่าย ๆ คือ ถ้าเราเลือกมุมภายนอกมุมหนึ่ง (เช่น 100°) ให้มองหามุมด้านในอีกสองมุมที่อยู่ “ฝั่งตรงข้าม” ไม่ได้ติดกับมุมภายนอก แล้วเอามาบวกกันให้เท่ากับมุมภายนอกได้เลย จากนั้นตั้งสมการหา X ตัวอย่างที่เจอบ่อยในข้อสอบ (คล้าย ๆ รูปแบบ 40+X=100) - โจทย์ให้มุมภายนอก = 100° - ให้มุมภายในที่ไม่ประชิดมุมหนึ่ง = 40° - อีกมุมเป็น X ใช้กฎมุมภายนอกทันที: 40 + X = 100 ดังนั้น X = 100 - 40 = 60° จุดที่ต้องระวัง (สำคัญมาก) 1) แยกให้ออกว่า “มุมภายนอก” คือมุมที่เกิดจากการต่อเส้นด้านใดด้านหนึ่งออกไปนอกสามเหลี่ยม ไม่ใช่มุมข้างใน 2) มุมภายในที่เอามาบวก ต้องเป็น “ไม่ประชิด” กับมุมภายนอก (หลายคนเผลอหยิบมุมติดกันมาบวก ทำให้ผิด) 3) ถ้าเป็น “สามเหลี่ยมมุมฉาก” จำเพิ่มอีกข้อ: มุมฉาก = 90° และผลรวมมุมภายในทั้งสามมุม = 180° ทริคสำหรับโจทย์สามเหลี่ยมมุมฉากโดยเฉพาะ - ถ้าโจทย์บอกว่ามุมหนึ่งเป็น 90° แล้วให้มุมอีกมุมหนึ่งเป็น 40° จะหามุมที่เหลือได้จาก 180°: 90 + 40 + X = 180 ⇒ X = 50° - แต่ถ้าโจทย์ใส่มุมภายนอกมาด้วย ให้ใช้ “มุมภายนอก” ก่อน เพราะส่วนใหญ่จะตั้งสมการได้ตรง ๆ และเร็วกว่า สรุปขั้นตอนทำโจทย์แบบไว ๆ 1) เช็กว่าโจทย์ให้ “มุมภายนอก” ไหม 2) ถ้ามี ใช้สูตรมุมภายนอก: (มุมในที่ไม่ประชิด) + (มุมในที่ไม่ประชิด) = มุมภายนอก 3) ตั้งสมการรูปแบบประมาณ 40 + X = 100 แล้วแก้ X 4) ค่อยใช้ 180° หรือ 90° ตรวจคำตอบอีกรอบเพื่อกันพลาด วิธีนี้ช่วยตัดเวลาคิดเยอะมาก โดยเฉพาะเวลาสอบที่เจอโจทย์แนวหามุมสามเหลี่ยมมุมฉากแบบมี X ซ่อนอยู่

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